Need help understanding why there is a wall around your structure’s roof? Knowing why parapet walls are necessary and what they do will help you better appreciate their cost and maintenance.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered essential information about what a parapet wall is, the types of parapet walls, why they are built around a roofing system, and how they drain water from a roof.

What is a Parapet Wall

Parapet walls are typically short and thin walls constructed at the edges of a building’s roof, preferably around its perimeter. A parapet wall can be constructed as a balustrade or other architectural shapes. Parapets can also be found in houses, bridges, walkways, balconies, and other elevated surfaces.

Parapet walls are principally found on flat roofs, extending the vertical wall at the side of a house or building past the roofline. They’re usually required when you want the roof to double as a terrace, balcony, facilities area, or walkway, helping to keep the area as safe and protected as possible.

Types of Parapet Walls

A parapet wall can be constructed using materials like reinforced cement concrete, brick, steel, aluminum, glass, etc. Consider the following:

Plain Parapet Walls – These are nothing more than a vertical extension of the wall at the edge of a roofing system. It is a general type of parapet wall specifically designed and constructed for safety concerns.

Perforated Parapet Walls – A perforated parapet wall is also an extension of the wall like a plain parapet, but the extended wall portion is perforated with different-sized and shaped openings complimenting the aesthetic appearance of the structure.

Embattled Parapet Walls – These parapets harken back to the olden days, especially used for castles, forts, etc. Alternative low and raised portions and strategic perforations are provided in the parapet. Archers typically used these perforations to shoot arrows through in a castle’s defense.

Note: Their beautiful appearance and uniqueness have them being constructed around modern structures to enhance their aesthetic appeal.

Paneled Parapet Walls – These parapet walls are similar to plain parapets but are ornamented with panel designs on the outside of the parapet wall.

Sloped Parapet Wall – Sloped parapet walls are used for sloped roof structures like industrial constructions, trussed structures, etc.

Stepped Parapet Wall – These parapet walls are also used for inclined roofing systems. The parapet wall is typically built in a staircase-type (step) design.

Flat Parapet Wall – Flat parapet walls are typically recommended for flat roofs.

Arched Parapet Wall – Curved or arched parapet walls are recommended for flat and inclined roofs.

Parapet walls have multiple significant purposes, including the following:

• To prevent dust and debris from collecting on the rooftop or getting into the HVAC system.
• To prevent any gathered debris on the rooftop from falling.
• To avoid high wind loads from severely impacting or damaging the enclosed roofing system.
• To provide an aesthetic look to a structure, typically increasing its curb appeal.
• Sufficiently tall parapet walls provide permanent safety protection for people when on a rooftop (inspections, maintenance, and equipment servicing) and on bridges to keep vehicles from falling or driving off the bridge.
• To hide and prevent any equipment or machinery from ruining the structure’s aesthetics or falling off the rooftop.

Note: Parapet walls are typically part of a structure’s original design.

How Do Parapet Walls Drain?

Scuppers. Roof scuppers are rectangular outlets in a parapet wall at a roof’s edge that function as a drainage device. Scuppers allow water to freely drain through an opening in a roof’s edge and are one of the most common and effective ways flat roofs drain.

Note: Scuppers are typically used in conjunction with gutters and downspouts to divert water to a desired location.

Parapet Wall

In this article, you discovered what a parapet wall is, different types of parapet walls, and how they protect a roofing system and people.

Understanding why your roof requires a parapet wall will help you better appreciate the associated construction cost and maintenance.

Improperly installed and maintained parapet walls can create a severe hazard for anyone on your roof, permit extensive wind and storm damage, and prevent your roof from properly shedding water.

Sources:
cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-108/pdfs/2014-108.pdf
osha.asu.edu/Resources/Documents/NIOSH2014-108.pdf
ehss.vt.edu/programs/FAL_general.php
copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/arch-details/gutters_downspouts/scuppers.html

See What is a Parapet Wall – Definition and Purpose for the first version of this content.

Need help determining if a slate roofing system is a suitable choice for your structure? Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of installing a slate roof will help you select the right roof for your structure and circumstances.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered essential information about slate roofing systems, their advantages, and disadvantages and answered some frequently asked questions.

What is Slate Roofing?

A slate roof is a premium roofing system made from natural slate tiles and other slate roofing components (slate is a fine-grained, metamorphic rock derived from a shale-type of sedimentary rock composed of clay and volcanic ash). Slate is among the most beautiful and long-lasting roofing systems available on today’s market. Because of its aesthetics, shingle manufacturers make asphalt or composite shingles to mimic the appearance of a slate roof.

Slate Roof Advantages

There are many excellent reasons for selecting a slate roofing system for your structure. Consider the following advantages:

Fire Resistance – As a stone product, slate is entirely fire resistant, unlike asphalt or composite shingles and other roofing materials. A slate roof naturally resists intense heat and fire. Slate roofing systems are ideal if wildfires and bushfires are a significant concern near your structure.

Multiple Color Availability – Slate comes in a variety of colors. The more common are grey, black, various green shades, deep purple, brick red, and other shades. The presence of carbonaceous matter (decaying marine organisms on ancient sea floors produces black-colored slate). Iron compounds generate red, purple, and green hues.

Low Maintenance – Beyond inspecting for broken or loose tiles and cleaning valleys and gutters, a slate roof requires no other significant maintenance.

Long Lifespan – With proper installation, care, and maintenance, a slate roof can last over 100 years; some roofs can exceed 150 years. In contrast, asphalt shingle roofs must be replaced every 20 to 30 years, wood shingles may only last 15 to 25 years, and even most metal roofs will not last over 50 years.

Minimal Waste – When a slate roof must be replaced, the slates can often be re-used. Rather than discarding them, they may be recycled on another roofing project, used in flooring, building garden pathways or driveways.

Energy-Efficient – Slate is a naturally energy-efficient material. It is very dense and can keep your structure cooler in the summer (prevents hot air from invading the attic space. The heavy, dense slate material in winter prevents warm air from escaping. Slate helps you save on your heating and cooling bills throughout the year.

Note: According to energy.gov, light-colored polymer slate shingles are considered a “cool” roofing option. Slate (metamorphic rock) tiles are not typically considered cool.

Cost Effective – A slate roof installation or replacement is expensive. However, the material superiority and craftsmanship will provide years (potentially generations) of continued service. Over the long term, natural slate tends to be a significantly better investment because several roofing systems (using other materials) will have to be installed during the lifespan of a single natural slate roof.

Slate Roof Disadvantages

While slate roofing systems are superior to other roofs in several ways, some drawbacks must be taken into account, including the following:

Roof Weight – Slate shingles weigh approximately 650 to 1,800 pounds per square (1 square equals 100 square feet). Lighter-weight asphalt shingles typically weigh only about 200 pounds per square. Slate’s increased weight means some structures may require significant reinforcement before a slate roofing system can be installed, which increases project costs.

Foot Traffic – While slate is exceptionally durable, it does not hold up well to foot traffic. This means someone hired to service your external A/C unit or clean out your gutters walking on your roof can cause extensive damage to tiles.

Note: Professional roofers use hook ladders, jacks, and planks on slate roofing, allowing them to walk on the roofing system without damaging it.

Installation Requires Specialized Roofers – Typically, the average roofing contractor is not qualified to install a slate roofing system. Slate roofs require specialized installation from master slaters. Hiring a specialized roofing contractor means you’ll pay significantly more for your roof.

High Cost – Slate is among the most expensive roof material. That doesn’t mean it’s not a good investment. While it’s significantly more costly than other roofing materials, slate will easily last 100 years or more, making it a more equitable investment over its lifespan.

Note: The elevated up-front cost of a slate roof may make it too costly for some property owners, particularly those who will occupy the structure for a brief period.

What is the biggest problem with slate roofs?

The biggest problem with slate roofing systems is their excessively heavy weight. Except for clay tiles, no other “conventional” roofing product is as heavy. Per roofing square (or 100 square feet), slate weighs from 650 to 1,800 pounds.

Do you need to vent a slate roof?

Providing adequate attic ventilation is fundamental for all roofing systems, even when using a breathable underlay.

Can You Walk on a Slate Roof

No. While slate is durable, it can crack under direct pressure. Professional roofing technicians use hook ladders, jacks, and planks for weight distribution on slate roofing. Even when properly installed, foot traffic, falling tree branches, or sudden impacts can cause slate roof tiles to crack. Damaged slate tiles can result in leaks and costly repairs.

Slate Roof

In this article, you discovered what a slate roofing system is, its advantages and disadvantages, and answers to several frequently asked questions.

Knowing the pros and cons of a slate roofing system will help you select the most appropriate roofing system for your structure.

Your failure to understand the benefits and potential consequences of installing a slate roofing system can result in structural damages or personal injury.

Sources:
nps.gov/articles/should-i-replace-my-slate-roof-with-a-synthetic.htm
energy.gov/energysaver/cool-roofs
usenaturalstone.org/installing-a-slate-roof/

See Slate Roofing Advantages and Disadvantages for the first version of this content.

Need help figuring out if your roof or attic has anything to do with why your home overheats during sunny, hot days? Understanding why your roof’s ventilation is crucial to its lifespan and your home’s comfort will help ensure it is properly ventilated.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered essential information about roof ventilation, what it is, and why it is a necessary component of your roofing system.

What is Roofing Ventilation?

Roof ventilation is a combined system of intake and exhaust vents providing air circulation to keep the atmosphere inside a home comfortable. Without adequate in and out passages in roof ventilation, hot air gets trapped within your home, causing multiple problems for your property (especially its roofing system).

How to Ventilate a Roof

Roof vents are typically installed at a roof’s peak, where the internal air rises naturally. Adding roof vents to your attic ensures warm, moist air can escape, preventing heat buildup and condensation. Like other roof components, you should periodically check your roof vents to ensure they are debris free.

How Many Roof Vents Should a House Have?

As a general guideline, your roof needs one square foot of vent for every 300 square feet of ceiling space (if your roof has a vapor barrier). If not, your roof should have one square foot of vent for every 150 square feet of ceiling space.

What Happens When a Roof is Not Ventilated?

Poor or non-existent roof or attic ventilation can cause attic temperatures to reach or exceed 150 degrees in summer. These high temperatures can lead to damaged shingles and other roofing materials, a buildup of condensation, and mold or mildew development. Some signs that your roof is improperly ventilated include the following:

• Excessive moisture in the attic
• Excessive temperatures inside your home
• Visible (often premature) roof damage from moisture
• Ice dams form in the winter months
• Visible damage from moisture inside the home
• Dry rot of roofing components

A maintenance program, including periodic roof inspections, can help you detect these issues early or prevent them altogether.

Tip: Contract a professional roofer to ensure that your roof’s ventilation is installed properly and is functioning as it should.

Should I Cover Roof Vents in the Winter?

No. You should leave your roof vents open during the winter months. During the winter, roof ventilation works to keep temperatures even. Closing your roof’s vents makes the attic space too warm and dry – dangerous conditions favoring mold and pests.

Can Rain Come in Through Roof Vents?

Yes. Some roof vents sit flat to the roof, with a “mushroom” hood and unprotected sides. On occasion, hard driving rain with strong wind will cause roof vents to leak. If your roof vent leaks during severe rainy weather, the rain may be wind-driven under the hood and into the vent.

Are Powered Roof Vents Worth the Investment?

Yes and no. While powered attic ventilators can offer some relief in the summer, how they do it is often not ideal or cost-effective. They can steal air from the home’s conditioned space, forcing air conditioning units to work harder, use more energy, and significantly increase utility bills.

Roof Vent Types

The best roof ventilation systems extend the life of your roof and help lower your home’s energy bills. Different roof vents are more effective than others, but each type of vent has the essential task of either removing air from your attic (exhaust) or bringing fresh air in (intake). Consider the following roof vent types:

• Ridge vents (most common exhaust)
• Soffit vents (most popular for intake)
• Off ridge vents
• Roof turbines (whirlybird ventilation)
• Box vents (louver vents)
• Gable vents
• Hard-wired (powered vents)
• Solar-powered vents
• Cupola vents

Roof vents are typically classified as exhaust or intake vents. Consider the following:

Exhaust Vents – Because hot air rises, exhaust vents are typically placed towards the roof line’s top. The most common exhaust vents used for modern roofing systems are ridge vents.

Intake Vents – Cooler air comes into your attic through intake vents placed lower on the roof line than its exhaust vents. Because cooler air enters underneath hot air (and because hot air rises), intake ventilation helps push hot air out of the attic.

How Much Does Roof Vent Installation Cost?

Roof vent installation costs can range from $300 to $1,000 (labor and materials). Prices may vary depending on the type of vent and if it is installed during or post-roof installation.

Tip: As material pricing is subject to supply and demand, inflation, etc., consult your professional roofer for the most current material and labor pricing.

Roof Ventilation

In this article, you discovered essential information on roofing ventilation and why it is necessary for your roofing system’s longevity and ability to maintain cool temperatures in your home.

Knowing why roof ventilation is so crucial will help you ensure it is installed correctly, extending your roof’s lifespan and causing less demand on your air conditioning system.

Allowing your roof to go improperly ventilated will result in damaged roofing material, a buildup of condensation in your attic, and intolerable temperatures in your home.

Sources:
energystar.gov/campaign/seal_insulate/do_it_yourself_guide/about_attic_ventilation
fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_p-737-vents-technical-fact-sheet-8.pdf
advancedenergy.org/2019/10/01/are-power-attic-ventilators-smart-to-use/
iibec.org/attic-ventilation-101/

See Everything You Need to Know about Roof Ventilation for the first version of this content.

Need help determining which environmentally friendly roofing system to install on your building? Knowing what eco-friendly roofing options you have will help you avoid installing an inefficient roof that is harmful to the environment.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered essential information about several environmentally friendly roofing systems and their pros and cons.

What is Environmentally Friendly Roofing?

Eco-friendly, environmentally friendly, or sustainable roofing provides superior resistance to heat gains and losses, significantly lowering a home’s energy costs. They also provide excellent durability, reducing expenses for repairs and replacement. Some sustainable roofs are painted white to reflect the Sun’s energy, have gardens that promote further insulation and environmental friendliness, or have solar panels that produce clean energy. Some roofing systems are specially designed to capture rainwater for recycling or reuse. Consider the following environmentally friendly roofing systems and their pros and cons:

1. Slate and Clay Tiles

Slate makes a highly durable roof tile that can last hundreds of years. Several companies offer slate tiles, and some suppliers offer warranties lasting 80 to 100 years, which will likely outlast most of us.

Mining slate and transporting it to market is an energy-intensive process, but several slate roof tile manufacturers offer salvaged slate and clay roof tiles. Clay tiles also are a highly durable roofing material, although they won’t last as long as slate.

Pros: Durability and Lifespan
Cons: Intensive mining and transportation

2. Cool (White) Roofing Systems

Cool roofs (among the fastest-growing segments of the commercial, industrial, and residential roofing industry) are a white gravel and white glue combination. The mixture efficiently reflects the Sun’s energy, reducing the heat penetrating the structure and decreasing air conditioning needs (reducing electricity demands produced by coal-fired power plants). This reduces toxic mercury, acid gases, and atmospheric metal emissions.

However, cool roof installation costs are elevated. Also, cool roofs only provide these benefits in regions with elevated sunlight and heat. In high temperature and humid regions, mold can develop on cool roofing systems, potentially damaging the roofing system’s appearance and performance.

Pros: Significantly reduces a structure’s energy costs
Cons: Requires installation in regions with specific climate conditions

3. Rubber Roofing Material

Reinforced rubber shingles are a popular recycled material made from used or discarded steel-belted radial tires. The recycled material is coated with ground slate, providing a unique texture, and can be produced in multiple colors. A striking advantage of this material is its long lifespan (typically 50+ years). Before quoting installation, you should first verify with your local code enforcement department that “rubber roofs” are permitted.

Pros: Durability and extended lifespan
Cons: May not be permitted in your region

4. Recycled Roofing Shingles

Perhaps the “greenest” of roofing products are shingles made from reclaimed waste materials, like plastic, rubber, or wood fiber. Various products are made from “clean” post-consumer waste, while others are from post-industrial waste. Recycled-material shingles are highly durable and have a good appearance.

Recycled-material roof shingles help divert waste from landfills and reduce the need to extract and process raw materials (lowering energy consumption and reducing pollution). Some of these products are fully recyclable, and many come with extended warranties. Some reclaimed products carry fire ratings that may reduce insurance rates.

Pros: Material production reduces waste in landfills and is highly durable
Cons: Elevated cost is the most significant concern for property owners

5. Solar Roofing

Solar roofing can be installed in multiple techniques, including:

• Solar panels (solar panels require a reinforced roof to rest on)
• Solar tiles are equipped with solar cells embedded into shingles and metal

Solar roofing absorbs sunlight, efficiently converting that energy into usable electricity. It is an eco-friendly roofing option that can significantly reduce energy bills. Since solar roofing relies on sunshine for energy generation, it does not contribute to air pollution.

Solar roofing’s elevated cost often deters property owners from installing it (it can take 20+ years to recover installation and maintenance costs).

Pros: Highly eco-friendly, reduces energy bills
Cons: Elevated cost and this technology relies on sunlight, making it only viable in areas with sufficient sun exposure

Read more about why it’s a good time to consider installing solar roofing systems at energy.gov/eere/solar/articles/replacing-your-roof-its-great-time-add-solar

6. Living (Green) Roofs

Living roofs convert rooftops into gardens, offering property owners an eco-friendly roofing option. These roofing systems moderate heat and clean the air in the area while reducing rainwater runoff. Green roofs are costly and require significant maintenance. The property’s substructure will need additional support to handle the system’s added weight.

Pros: Heat moderation, cleaner air
Cons: Elevated installation and substrate reinforcement cost

7. Standing Seam (Metal) Roof

Metal roofs are an excellent eco-friendly option for reducing your structure’s temperature due to their inherent reflective nature. Metal roofs are incredibly durable and can withstand the most severe natural elements. Like rubber roofs, metal roofs can last 50+ years and will require minimum maintenance over their lifespan.

Tip: You can make metal roofing even more eco-friendly by selecting a manufacturer that uses reclaimed material to produce metal roofing systems.

Pros: Durability, extended lifespan, and low-maintenance
Cons: Elevated installation and material costs, denting, and noise

Eco-Friendly Roofing

In this article, you discovered crucial information to help you decide which environmentally friendly roofing system to install on your commercial or residential structure.

A better understanding of eco-friendly roofing alternatives will help you protect your structure with the most environmentally appropriate and efficient roofing system.

Don’t miss out on the benefits, state and federal monetary incentives, and contributions to the planet with an eco-friendly roofing solution.

Sources:
nps.gov/articles/roofing-shingles.htm
energy.gov/energysaver/cool-roofs
epa.gov/heatislands/using-green-roofs-reduce-heat-islands
ideaexchange.uakron.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2877&context=honors_research_projects

See Environmentally Friendly Roofing Systems for the first version of this content.

Prevent the harsh winter season from causing roof damages and costly problems. Knowing what challenges your roofing system can endure during the coldest months will help you take action to avoid them.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered information about some of the most common winter roofing problems and how to prevent them.

Roof Problems in Winter

To keep your home in its best condition through this and upcoming winter seasons, be mindful of the following winter roof problems and how to prevent them:

Condensation – Condensation occurs when water droplets form as warm air hits a cold surface. This typically happens in poorly insulated attics where the roof is colder than the air inside. Condensation causes damaging dampness and mold, leading to severe damage and dangerous weakness in the roof.

Prevention: Keep your attic well-ventilated and well-insulated to reduce the risk of condensation accumulation. 

Ice Dams – Ice dams are among the biggest dangers to your roof’s structural integrity due to their weight and typically leaking into your walls. These dams sit along the edge of your roofing system and its gutters, accumulating immense weight and pressure on the area. 

Ice dams are caused when snow melts at the top of your roof and runs down to the edge, where it refreezes. Poor attic insulation is often the cause as heat escapes through the roof’s top. 

Prevention: Keep your attic well insulated. You can also limit ice dam formation by removing accumulated snow from your roof and keeping your gutters unobstructed. 

Icicles – Like ice dams, icicles occur when water thaws, runs down your roof, and refreezes as it moves over cooler lower sections. Water should run into gutters, but when they are obstructed, overflowing, or frozen, icicles can quickly form on their edges, posing a threat to anyone walking below.

Prevention: Make sure your attic space is well insulated and keep your gutters clean and functioning.

Leaking Flashing – Flashing can separate from a roof’s edge or around a chimney for many reasons (storm damage, ice accumulation, etc.). When your roof’s flashing isn’t watertight, water and ice can find their way into the roofing materials and your structure.

Prevention: Inspect the flashing’s condition in the fall and periodically throughout the winter. This way, you can spot any potential trouble or damage before it becomes a leak.

Wildlife Damage – Animals can cause incalculable damage if they get inside your house. Small holes in the roof or attic can grant rats, squirrels, and birds access. Once in your attic, these creatures may establish a nesting area and severely damage the interior or significantly widen entry points.

Prevention: Keep small animals out by frequently inspecting your attic and roofing system for small holes. Seal gaps and ensure tree branches are pruned at least six feet away from your roof.

Tree Damage – Winter storms and severe weather can critically damage any trees near your home, causing hazards like falling branches and trees falling entirely; it’s crucial to inspect trees for decline, disease, infestations, and potential weakness. 

Prevention: Have a professional tree service inspect your trees and take preventative actions (pruning or removal) to reduce the risk of catastrophic roof damage. 

Debris in Gutters – Dirty or blocked gutters stop rainwater from flowing off your roof and down the drain, and can be attributed to several of the items we’ve discussed in this article.

Prevention: Keep your gutters cleaned and debris free throughout the year and in winter.

Winter Storm Damage

Roofs can suffer the worst conditions with strong winds, heavy snow, and hail (common in winter storms). Establish a maintenance contract with your roofing company that includes seasonal inspections, minor repair work, and emergency evaluations to ensure your roof will stay strong in winter storms.

Note: Snow might look innocent enough, but when it builds up, it carries tremendous weight. For weakened or leaking roofs, heavy snow puts your home at risk of significant damage. 

If your home is old, it might be time to check if you need a new roof altogether. To keep your roof stable throughout winter, it’s best to remove heavy snow as quickly as possible. 

What temperature is too cold for a roof?

A properly installed roofing system can easily withstand prolonged periods of sub-zero temperatures. However, roof installation or repair should only be done when temperatures are 40° F (4° C) or above. Adhesives used in most modern roofing materials require warmer temperatures to properly activate.

How Many Years Should a Roof Last?

The average lifespan of a roofing system typically ranges between 25 to 50 years. However, a roof’s life expectancy depends on the following:

• The quality, durability, and type of roofing material
• The quality of its installation
• The frequency of inspections, seasonal maintenance, and repairs

Tip: A well-maintained roofing system can outlive its life expectancy by decades.

Cold Weather Roofing Problems

In this article, you discovered information and tips on some of the most common winter roofing problems and what you can do to prevent them.

Being proactive with your roofing maintenance and repairs will help you get through the winter months without incurring severe cold-related damages to your structure’s roofing system.

Ignoring the need to take preventative measures with your roofing system can result in costly and avoidable damages and potentially lead to catastrophic roof failure.

Sources:
bct.eco.umass.edu/publications/articles/preventing-ice-dams/
sites.psu.edu/socialtrends/2022/11/16/is-your-roof-properly-maintained/
extn.msu.montana.edu/magazine/articles/4450
cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.cornell.edu/dist/9/8787/files/2019/07/Attic-condensation.pdf
extension.psu.edu/winter-damage-to-trees-and-shrubs

See Common Roofing Problems in Winter for the first version of this content.

Avoid overlooking roofing issues that can be resolved and leaving yourself vulnerable to roofers preying on your ignorance. Knowing the more common roofing problems and how to fix them will help you get the repairs you need.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered the following information about 9 of the most common roofing problems and how to repair them.

1. Roof Leaks

A roof leak is typically a sign of a more substantial problem. Danger and the probability of structural erosion increase if the leak is left unaddressed. Regular inspections are the most effective defense against a leaking roof. Be vigilant, search for leaks (and signs of leaks), and regularly communicate with your contractor about your concerns and the roof’s condition.

Solution – Typically, roof leaks are detected only after they have caused moderate or considerable damage to a home. This is one factor that makes roof leaks among the costliest roofing issues for property owners. Act preventively and be proactive in keeping your roof in good shape by scheduling regular inspections by your trusted roofing professional.

2. Chimney Crickets

Crickets are crucial to your chimney and roof’s integrity and longevity. They efficiently channel water and debris off the roof and into your gutters. Due to their stature, chimneys naturally attract water.

Solution – The cricket is part of your chimney’s flashing system that prevents your roof from leaking. Every chimney has different wall veneers like brick, stone, siding, or stucco, and each must be flashed differently to protect the roof. Proper flashing and a well-installed cricket are required to prevent leaks and cause the roof decking wood to rot from repeated water intrusion.

Find further reading on chimneys at atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/chimney-leak-repair/

3. Poor Roof Installation

A properly installed roofing system will uniformly weather. With an improperly installed roof, you’ll see different colored shingles, missing drip edges, or vents that were reused instead of replaced. You’ll also detect a stark difference in how some areas of the roof age compared to others.

Solution – Make sure the roofing contractors you hire have an excellent track record and will provide you with top-quality roof installation. To avoid being left with a bad roof installation, thoroughly vet the roofing company you choose to hire.

4. Tree Impact

When a tree falls and lands on your roof, it will cause structural roof and building damage. However, as minutes pass, your roof’s structural integrity can weaken and fail, causing the roof to eventually cave in, resulting in further structural damage and potentially life-threatening injury to you and your loved ones.

Solution – Act as quickly as possible to prevent any further damage from occurring (putting a tarp over the damaged roof and boarding up any shattered windows, etc.). Use a tarp or other waterproof covering to temporarily cover any openings. Your failure to mitigate further damage may negatively affect your insurance claim.

Tip: Call your insurance company immediately for instructions. This will help you preserve your insurance policy and coverage.

5. Freeze Damage

Snow and ice damage your roofing system by repeatedly thawing and refreezing as temperatures fluctuate. When snow and ice melt, water infiltrates small holes or gaps in your roof. When temperatures dip and that water refreezes, it expands, widening those holes and allowing more water through.

Solution – Getting rid of “ice dams” for good is relatively easy. You must maintain the roof at the same temperature as the eaves. You can do this by increasing attic ventilation, adding insulation, and having your roofing system inspected for air leaks that may unevenly warm the underside of the roof.

6. Pooling Water (Ponding)

Even the slightest ponding can have serious repercussions on your roofing system. The water’s excess weight may cause severe structural damage to the building, especially if the added weight exceeds the safe weight the structure can carry. Even if it does not, increased weight can stress roof trusses and other crucial building components.

Solution – The easiest way to prevent water from ponding is to routinely clean the roof’s drains, rain gutters, and downspouts. Removing debris like leaves, sticks, and branches allows water to flow freely from the roof. If you do not personally want to clean your roof, get a roofing maintenance program service to do so for you.

Tip: Regular roof and gutter cleanings are a great time for a routine inspection. If the cleaning is done by your roofing contractor, they can check and prevent small issues from becoming costly problems.

7. Roof Flashing

Flashing protects the most vulnerable parts of your roof, and any damage to this flashing is concerning. When flashing cracks, fails, or is bent upward, moisture can run inside the roof seams. This poses a significant problem during severe weather.

Solution – Typically, professional roofers will replace all step flashing on a new roof. Your roofer should not layer any new flashing on top of old flashing (this should have been removed and discarded). There should only be one layer of flashing on a roof at a time.

8. Broken or Missing Shingles

If your roof has one or more “seams” exposed to the elements, they may let in water. Other critical roof components include valleys or areas where two low parts of the roof’s structure meet. Losing a shingle at a low point can result in water and debris collecting, significantly increasing opportunities for leaks.

Solution – If a shingle is cracked or torn, you don’t necessarily have to replace it; repair it. Apply a thick bead of roofing sealant under the crack, press the shingle down and apply another bead of sealant on top of the crack. Then evenly spread the sealant with a putty knife.

Note: If your roof only needs a few shingles replaced or minor patches made, you can do it yourself or schedule a roofer to make those minor repairs for you.

9. Membrane Tears and Punctures

The most frequent problems with single-ply membrane roofing systems include punctures, tears, and seam failures. Single-ply membranes can eventually shrink, become brittle, and lose their elasticity; these factors apply irregular stress on the membrane’s seams, resulting in failure.

Solution – Any hole or seam separation in a single-ply membrane can be quickly located and patched or resealed by a certified roofer.

Commercial and Residential Roofing Problems

In this article, you discovered nine of the most common roofing problems and how to get them quickly fixed.

The more you know about how roofs can malfunction and how they can be repaired will help you prevent more severe damages and potentially extend your roofing system’s lifespan.

Not knowing how your roof can be damaged and fixed, can leave you vulnerable, and paying for repairs and a replacement that may have been avoided.

Sources:
ccpia.org/why-low-slope-roofs-fail/
floridapace.gov/6-signs-of-roof-damage/

See 9 Common Roofing Problems and Solutions for the first version of this content.

Prevent not knowing the pros, cons, and whether a cool roofing system is right for your next roof replacement project. Knowing how cool roofs can benefit your structure will help you determine which roofing system to choose when the time comes.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered the following information about what a cool roofing system is, its advantages, and disadvantages.

What is a Cool Roof?

A cool roof (made of a material or has a coating that can lower the roof surface temperature) is designed to reflect more sunlight than a conventional roof, absorbing significantly less solar energy. A roofing system with these properties naturally lowers a building’s temperature, just as wearing light-colored clothing can keep you cool on a warm, sunny day. Conventional roofs can reach extreme temperatures of 150°F or more on a summer afternoon, while cool roofs average 50°F less.

Does a Cool Roof Really Work?

Yes. A cool roof reduces summer energy usage, saving you significant money, and will also stabilize the temperatures in your unconditioned spaces (garage or spare room). Installing a cool roof is most beneficial in warm climates, where the winters are mild, and structures rely less on the inherent heat gain traditional roofing systems provide.

Cool Roofing Systems Vs. Global Warming

Cool roof reflective surfaces can deliver high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance. On a global scale, reflective surfaces are essential to daytime cooling, which has been proposed as a partial solution to global warming. The most well-known type of reflective surfaces in construction are those of cool roofs.

However, recent research observed the net global warming for light-colored surfaces rather than the effect on a single building or small area. This analysis discovered that white or reflective roofs contribute to global warming rather than reducing it.

That’s because such surfaces initiate a chain reaction that increases the amount of sun a city receives. The reflective surfaces reduce the vertical transport of moisture to the atmosphere, restricting cloud coverage. That translates to less rain and an increase in surrounding drought conditions.

Advantages of Installing a Cool Roof

Cool roofs typically cost the same as other comparable roofing materials. For cool roofs that may cost slightly more, the difference can be quickly recovered in savings from lower energy consumption, rebates, incentives, HVAC equipment downsizing, and extended roof lifespan. Consider the following advantages and benefits of cool roofs:

• Reduced energy bills by 10%-30%
• Improved comfort for indoor spaces without air conditioning
• Lower maintenance costs
• Extended roof life

And consider the following environmental benefits:

• Less peak electricity demand (helps prevent power outages)
• Reduced urban heat island effect (occurs when an urban environment is hotter than surrounding rural areas due to black surfaces)
• Alleviated air pollution and global warming concerns by lowering CO2 and other HVAC-related emissions

Note: Building owners must consider the region’s climate. Cool roofs achieve the greatest cooling savings in hot climates but may not decrease energy usage and costs in cooler climates.

Disadvantages of Installing a Cool Roof

Even cool roof opponents must acknowledge that cool roofs significantly reduce air conditioning loads. According to the US Department of Energy, roofs can reach 150°F on the hottest days, whereas installing a cool roof reduces those surface temperatures by as much as 50°F. However, there are potential drawbacks like:

• High retrofitting costs. Converting an existing roof can be costly, especially when you factor in repair work, recoating, and cleaning costs.
• Potential for algae or mold growth
• Lighter roofing system colors may appear dirtier
• Increases winter heating demand

Cool roofs work best for hotter climates, where the cooling season is more extended, and air conditioning is in high demand. In colder regions, these roofs may have the opposite effect, driving up heating costs in the winter.

Installing a Cool Roof

When deciding whether to install a cool roofing system, you need to determine if the energy savings and other benefits can justify the cost. How much energy you save depends on several factors like your structure’s climate and surroundings, the roof assembly’s insulation, the roof type, and the efficiency of your building’s HVAC system.

When building a new structure, you can decide during the planning phase what roof type to install and whether or not it should be a cool roof.

Cost and Energy Savings

A cool roof does not necessarily cost more than a conventional roof, especially if you are installing a new roof or replacing an existing one. However, converting a standard roofing system that’s in good condition into a cool roof can be costly. 

Cool Roof Rating Council

The Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) (created in 1998) develops accurate and credible methods for evaluating and labeling solar reflectance and thermal emittance (radiative properties) of roofing products and disseminating that information to all interested parties. For more information on cool roof structures, components, and ratings, visit the Cool Roof Rating Council at coolroofs.org

Cool Roofing Systems

In this article, you discovered crucial information on the definition, advantages, and disadvantages of installing a cool roofing system on your residential or commercial structure.

Knowing how a cool roof can benefit your structure and the environment will help you come to an informed decision when you need to install or replace your roof.

Ignoring the disadvantages of a cool roof system can leave you with increased utility bills due to your HVAC system struggling during colder weather.

Sources:
energy.gov/energysaver/cool-roofs
energystar.gov/products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity
epa.gov/heatislands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands

See Advantages and Disadvantages of a Cool Roof for the first version of this content.

Avoid losing your life or home when a tornado rips through your neighborhood. Knowing how to protect yourself and your home from the destructive forces unleashed by a tornado will help you prevent life-threatening injuries and the loss of your home.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered the following information and tips on how to build or upgrade your home to withstand the intense winds and debris clouds generated by a tornado.

How a Tornado Destroys a Home

EF-2 and EF-3 tornadoes with 111 mph-165 mph winds can obliterate your home in four seconds. Flying debris can shatter windows and create other openings in exterior walls. Once such an opening is made, air enters the home and pressurizes it like over-inflating a balloon, potentially blowing off the roof and collapsing the remaining structure.

Few, if any, above-ground structures can survive an EF-4 or EF-5 tornado with 166 mph and greater winds. Underground shelters are designed and advised for this scale of destructive force.

Ways to Tornado-Proof Your Home

What steps can you take to protect your home from tornadoes? The following precautions, upgrades, and tips (some mandated by building codes in high-risk areas) are similar to those you would take in preparation for hurricane season:

1. Install Impact-Resistant Windows

Install impact-resistant windows. Such windows are considerably more expensive to buy but can be customized to the space and provide better protection than ordinary windows. Depending on where your house is located, these windows may be required by local building codes.

If impact-resistant windows are not an option, you can install hurricane shutters, which can also be completely customized (sizes, materials, and colors) to fit any residence.

Note: Some people believe they should open their windows and doors to normalize interior and exterior pressure during a tornado, but that’s the wrong thing to do. Doing so makes the inside of the house pressurized, like inflating a balloon until it pops. The air pushes off the roof or a wall and causes the structure to collapse or be blown away.

Roofing materials should be rated to resist high winds, and the system should be secured to the structure using hurricane clips, which create a stronger (more stable) connection between the roof and the house.

Hurricane clips are required by building codes in hurricane-prone regions. When repairing, upgrading, or replacing your roof, ensure all roof and wall framings are secured with hurricane framing clips. All other materials should be wind-rated and impact resistant.

3. Secure the Home’s Doors

Ensure that entry doors have a two-inch deadbolt lock mechanism and three hinges, with screws long enough to secure the door and frame to the wall framing. A door secured in this fashion is more likely to resist intense winds and wind-driven debris impacts.

Note: Your garage door, the largest potential opening in your home, is another vulnerable component. If the garage door fails, is left open, or is taken out, it compromises the structure of your home. Install wood or metal reinforcements for added structural support.

4. Install a Storm Shelter

When deciding where to locate or construct a home storm shelter, consider the envelope of the structure. The basement is the safest location, followed by the center of the home (anywhere with little potential for compromised doors and windows).

Note: A tornado’s duration and aftermath are entirely unpredictable. Prepare your home shelter by stocking it with essentials like a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, spare batteries, water, and ready-to-eat food like energy bars (anything you don’t have to cook).

Tip: Be sure to safely store a few hundred dollars in cash. ATM machines may not work if there is a power failure along with the tornado.

What is the EF Scale?

The Enhanced Fujita Scale or EF Scale, used since February 1, 2007, is used to assign a tornado a ‘rating’ based on its estimated wind speeds and damage.

When tornado-related damage is surveyed, it is compared to several Damage Indicators (DIs) and Degrees of Damage (DoD) which help better define the range of wind speeds the tornado likely produced. From that, a rating (from EF0 to EF5) is assigned.

Note: Dr. T. Theodore Fujita first introduced The Fujita Scale in the Satellite and Mesometeorology Research Project (SMRP) Research Paper, #91, published in February 1971 and titled, “Proposed Characterization of Tornadoes and Hurricanes by Area and Intensity.”

Tornado-Proof House

In this article, you discovered life-saving information and tips on how to build or upgrade your home to resist the destructive forces of tornadoes.

Investing in your home’s infrastructure and preparing for severe weather events like tornadoes can keep you and your loved ones out of harm’s way and sheltered in a safe location.

Ignoring the potential of a deadly hurricane strike in your neighborhood will leave you unprepared and vulnerable to life-threatening weather conditions and injuries.

Sources:
weather.gov/tae/ef_scale
depts.ttu.edu/nwi/Pubs/FScale/Fujita01.php
basc.pnnl.gov/information/design-windstorm-and-tornado-protection
ready.gov/sites/default/files/2020-04/tornado-protection_selecting-refuge-area-in-buildings.pdf

See How to Tornado-Proof a House for the first version of this content.

Avoid severe injury and death from falling off a roof. Knowing how to use a safety harness when on a roof can save you from catastrophic injuries.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered the following information and tips about using safety harnesses and other life-saving equipment.

What is a Roofing Harness?

A safety harness is a roofer’s best protection from deadly falls. Selecting the correct fall protection harness and properly using it will protect you from falls and serious injuries. Fall protection harnesses are only one option among several fall protection systems. However, they are widely used by residential and commercial roofers.

How To Use a Roof Safety Harness

The following are the main steps to properly use a roofing safety harness.

Check Your Harness – Before using any safety harness, make sure the webbing is in good shape and not frayed.

Fall Clearance Calculation – One of the most critical safety factors is verifying that you have an adequate fall clearance distance (typically three times your height).

Attach Your Harness – Attach thigh, hip, waist, chest, and shoulder straps and clip onto an anchor point that will hold you from falling off the roof.

Hook on Your Lifeline and Rope Grab – The lifeline and rope grab are different ropes. A lifeline is a line connecting your lanyard and rope grab to the harness and anchor point. The rope grab helps you keep yourself stable on the roof.

Lanyard (Fall Protection) – Your lanyard is the fall protection that’s required to ensure you stay safe on the roof. It’s a simple shock-absorbing system that helps reduce the severity of a fall.

Tip: All commercial and residential roofing companies must have their crews trained in fall prevention and the proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

How Does a Safety Harness Work?

Similar to a repelling harness, the adjustable buckles and straps are strategically located in body areas that will easily support the wearer’s weight. These key areas of the body include the shoulders, chest, pelvis, and upper thighs.

Safety harnesses work by distributing the force of a fall over a large area of the body, ensuring that the roofer remains suspended in an upright position after a fall has occurred. In short, safety harnesses are designed to catch a person in case of falling while working at height.

Do Roofers Have to Wear a Harness?

Where OSHA is concerned, there is NO SAFE DISTANCE from a roof’s edge. To protect roofers and roofing maintenance workers, you must have rails, fall arrest systems, or a warning line/safety monitor, no matter where you are working.

What is the Difference Between a Harness and a Safety Belt?

A safety or body belt fits only around a person’s waist, whereas a safety or body harness fits around a person’s legs, arms, and torso.

Note: Per OSHA, Body or safety belts are not acceptable in a Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) because they can cause severe injury during a fall.

Are Safety Harnesses Considered PPE?

Yes. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes anything used or worn (including clothing) to minimize risks to a person’s health and safety. This can consist of respiratory protective equipment, hearing protection, eye protection, protective clothing, and safety harness systems.

Fall Protection Training (OSHA)

According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), employers must provide fall protection training for all workers who may be exposed to fall hazards. Such training must be conducted by a trained/qualified person and include information on recognizing fall hazards and on what procedures to follow to minimize them.

Training must address how to properly inspect, erect, disassemble, and maintain the fall protection equipment used in an installation, repair, replacement, or inspection job. Retraining is required when:

• Previous training becomes obsolete (changes in work conditions, fall protection systems, or equipment)
• When worker performance indicates a need for it

Employers must certify that workers have been trained by documenting it in accordance with OSHA’s Certification of Training.

Can Roofers Fall Through a Roof?

Yes. While many more roofers fall off the eaves and rakes than fall through the decking of a deteriorating roof, roof opening, or skylight. However, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) notes that the recent number of employees falling through roof openings and failures is on the rise.

Roof Safety Harness

In this article, you discovered essential information and tips on proper safety harnesses usage for any roofing activities.

Knowing how to properly use and attach a safety harness will minimize or prevent the possibility of severe injury resulting from a fall off a roof.

Ignoring the requirement for safety harnesses while working on a roof can result in catastrophic injuries, hospitalization, and death from a fall.

Sources:
cdc.gov/niosh/docs/90-100/default.html
osha.gov

See How To Use a Safety Harness on a Roof for the first version of this content.

Avoid the unnecessary costs of roof replacement when a roof coating may solve your roofing problems. Knowing how roof coatings are applied to existing roofing systems can help you save money while extending the lifespan of your roof.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered the following information and tips about roof coatings and their advantages when applied to your roofing system.

What Are Roof Coatings?

Roof coatings are monolithic, fully adhered, fluid-applied roofing membranes. Roof coatings are typically applied to cover, protect, and extend the lifespan of a structure’s roofing system. Many roof coatings are elastomeric, having elastic properties that allow them to stretch and constrict to their original shape without suffering any damage or deformities.

Are Roof Coatings Worth it?

Yes. Coatings are often seen as an economical way of increasing a roof’s reflectivity. Thus, reducing a structure’s cooling and heating costs. However, a coating is not always necessary if enough insulation is installed with the original roofing system.

Applying a roof coating can add extra protection to a roofing system’s components, adding years or decades to its lifespan.

Considering the lowered air conditioning and the building’s roof preservation, applying a roof coating is worth the investment as it will likely pay for itself over time.

What Are Types of Roof Coatings?

Depending on the type, size, and geographical location of your roofing system, one of the following roof coatings may be applied to your roof:

Metal Roof Coating – Metal roof coatings stop leaks, eliminate stubborn rust, and turn hot metal surfaces into a cooler energy-saver. This could be considered metal roof restoration when preparations are made before this weather and heat-shielding coating is applied.

Note: Commercial metal roof coatings start saving you money immediately. Since it is a reflective roof, it can reduce roof temperatures by 30%. This means that heat isn’t transferred to your building, which significantly reduces energy use.

Flat Roof Coating – Flat roofs are typically plagued with leaking, ponding, drainage problems, and rapid deterioration. Whether your current roofing system is hot-tar, modified bitumen, built-up, single-ply, metal, or polyurethane foam, you can apply a roof coating that adds up to 20 more years of useful roof life.

Rubber Roof Coating – Silicone roof coatings are the preferred choice regarding UV protection and resistance to ponding water on rubber roofing systems. They erode much slower than other coatings without becoming brittle or hard.

Extend your existing roof’s lifespan while adding energy efficiency and extra protection for your commercial, industrial, agricultural, or residential structure. Rubber roof coatings can efficiently solve current problems and prevent them from recurring.

Elastomeric Roof Coating – These roof coatings are applied to your roofing system as a liquid. After application, the acrylics dry to a seamless, clean coating that significantly extends roof life.

Note: Correctly installed elastomeric roof coatings are practically weatherproof and can keep your property shielded from most weather conditions. The coating material is elastic, so it can expand and contract as the weather and temperature change.

Cool Roof Coating – Cool roof coatings, or cool roof paint (as it is known in the roofing industry), is a coating that’s applied to a variety of roofing systems to better reflect sunlight, keeping buildings cooler on the inside and significantly reducing energy costs.

Tip: Reducing a structure’s air-conditioning usage will naturally extend its cooling equipment’s lifespan, decreasing maintenance costs and saving you even more money.

When considering a roof coating, be mindful that mechanical fixes to your roofing system are always a better choice than coatings to stop leaks or repair cracks. If you discover leaks, cracks, or other damages, replace and repair them before applying a coating or sealant.

Roof Coating Installation Costs

According to homeadvisor.com, you can expect to pay anywhere between $0.65 and $5 per square foot for an installed roof coating or sealing. Variables can include:

• Type of roof
• Type of coating or sealant
• Condition of the current roof
• Geographic location

Coating a flat or low-sloped roof is a common way to extend the life of your roof while reducing maintenance expenses and cutting down on cooling costs.

Note: Costs for roofing material and installation vary significantly and are heavily influenced by demand, supply chain interruptions, inflation, and fuel/transportation expenses.

Roof Coatings

In this article, you discovered essential information and tips about different types of roof coatings and their inherent benefits.

Installing a roof coating over your current roofing system can save you significant money in air conditioning costs and reduce your roof’s maintenance needs over time.

Not installing a roof coating can leave your roofing system more vulnerable, in need of constant repairs, and requiring a premature roof replacement.

Sources:
heatisland.lbl.gov/resources/roof-coatings
homeadvisor.com/cost/roofing/seal-a-roof/
energy.gov/energysaver/cool-roofs

See Everything You Need to Know about Roof Coatings for the first version of this content.